|
In grammar, a ditransitive verb is a verb which takes a subject and two objects which refer to a theme and a recipient. According to certain linguistics considerations, these objects may be called ''direct'' and ''indirect'', or ''primary'' and ''secondary''. This is in contrast to monotransitive verbs, which take only one object, a direct or primary object. In languages which mark grammatical case, it is common to differentiate the objects of a ditransitive verb using, for example, the accusative case for the direct object, and the dative case for the indirect object (but this morphological alignment is not unique; see below). In languages without morphological case (such as English for the most part) the objects are distinguished by word order and/or context. ==English usage== English has a number of generally ditransitive verbs, such as ''give'', ''grant'', and ''tell'' and many transitive verbs that can take an additional argument (commonly a beneficiary or target of the action), such as ''pass'', ''read'', ''bake'', etc.: :''He gave Mary ten dollars.'' :''He passed Paul the ball.'' :''Jean read him the books.'' :''She is baking him a cake.'' :''I am mailing Sam some lemons.'' English grammar allows for these sentences to be written alternately with a preposition (''to'' or ''for''): :''He gave ten dollars to Mary.'' :''He passed the ball to Paul.'' :''Jean read the books to/for him.'' :''She is baking a cake for him.'' :''I am mailing some lemons to Sam.'', etc. The latter form is grammatically correct in every case, but in some dialects the former (without a preposition) is considered ungrammatical, or at least unnatural-sounding, when both objects are pronouns (as in ''He gave me it''). Sometimes one of the forms is perceived as wrong for idiosyncratic reasons (idioms tend to be fixed in form) or the verb simply dictates one of the patterns and excludes the other: :'' *Give a break to me'' (grammatical, but always phrased ''Give me a break'') :'' *He introduced Susan his brother'' (usually phrased ''He introduced his brother to Susan'') In certain dialects of English, many verbs not normally treated as ditransitive are allowed to take a second object that shows a beneficiary, generally of an action performed for oneself. :''Let's catch us some fish'' (which might also be phrased ''Let's catch some fish for ourselves'') This construction could also be an extension of a reflexive construction. In addition, certain ditransitive verbs can also act as monotransitive verbs:〔http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/function/ditr.htm〕 :"David told ''the children'' a story" - Ditransitive :"David told ''a story'' - Monotransitive 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ditransitive verb」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|